The term ‘aji’ is widely used in South America—especially in Peru, Bolivia, and Colombia—to refer to a wide variety of chili peppers. While ‘aji’ is often associated with Capsicum baccatum, it is not a botanical designation. Instead, it’s a cultural and regional term that spans multiple Capsicum species. This article explores the taxonomic diversity of peppers called ‘aji,’ highlighting their species classification, origins, and distinct traits.
Aji Peppers by Species
Capsicum baccatum
This is the species most commonly associated with the term ‘aji.’ It is native to the Andean regions and features distinctive floral markings. Baccatum ajis are often fruity, aromatic, and moderately hot.
Examples include:
- – Aji Amarillo
- – Aji Cristal
- – Aji Lemon Drop (Kellu Uchu)
- – Aji Fantasy
- – Aji Oro
Capsicum chinense
Capsicum chinense varieties referred to as ‘aji’ are often hotter, with a more pungent aroma. These are less common in traditional South American cuisine but do appear in some regions.
Examples include:
- – Aji Charapita
- – Aji Panca (although often dried, sometimes confused with C. baccatum)
- – Aji Dulce (sweet, non-pungent type common in Caribbean cuisine)
Capsicum frutescens
Capsicum frutescens types are rarely called ‘aji’ in formal naming, but in vernacular use, especially in Afro-Caribbean and Amazonian regions, the term may be loosely applied.
Examples include:
- – Aji Guaguao
Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum is the most widely cultivated species globally. Some regional varieties are called ‘aji,’ particularly in Colombia, Ecuador, and Central America.
Examples include:
- – Aji Rojo
- – Aji Caribe
Capsicum pubescens
Known for its black seeds and hairy leaves, C. pubescens is not typically called ‘aji,’ but some Andean locals may refer to it that way informally.
Examples include:
- – Aji Rocoto (Rocoto is the common name, but ‘aji’ is used colloquially)
Conclusion
The term ‘aji’ reflects cultural usage more than strict botanical classification. While Capsicum baccatum dominates the category, ajis are found across at least five different species. Gardeners, breeders, and chili enthusiasts should be aware of this nuance when identifying or categorizing peppers named ‘aji.’