This is a short, checked reading list for Capsicum. Every journal citation below was verified against Crossref or PubMed in September 2026, volume and page numbers included. The previous version of this page carried wrong page ranges and at least two references no database can find. This one runs shorter and correct instead.
Which single book should a serious grower own?
Bosland and Votava, Peppers: Vegetable and Spice Capsicums, second edition, CABI 2012. It covers botany, genetics, seed technology, field production and postharvest in one volume, and it is the book that extension agronomists actually cite. Andrews, Peppers: The Domesticated Capsicums (University of Texas Press, 1984, revised 1995) handles the history and the dispersal story that Bosland skips. DeWitt and Bosland, The Complete Chile Pepper Book (Timber Press, 2009) sits between the two and carries the photography. Hunziker's The Genera of Solanaceae (2001) places the genus among its relatives and matters if you argue about family-level placement.
Taxonomy and phylogeny
Start with the monograph. Barboza and colleagues published a 423-page revision of the genus in PhytoKeys 200 in 2022, and Kew's accepted list of 43 species follows it. Our own Kew species list reproduces that treatment with native ranges.
- Barboza, G.E., et al. Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers. PhytoKeys 200: 1-423, 2022.
- Carrizo García, C., et al. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers. Annals of Botany 118: 35-51, 2016.
- Walsh, B.M., and S.B. Hoot. Phylogenetic relationships of Capsicum using DNA sequences from two noncoding regions. International Journal of Plant Sciences 162: 1409-1418, 2001.
- Eshbaugh, W.H. A biosystematic and evolutionary study of Capsicum baccatum. Brittonia 22: 31-43, 1970. Still the reference point for the baccatum complex.
- Kraft, K.H., et al. Multiple lines of evidence for the origin of domesticated chili pepper in Mexico. PNAS 111: 6165-6170, 2014.
- Pickersgill, B. Genetic resources and breeding of Capsicum spp. Euphytica 96: 129-133, 1997.
Genomes and pungency genetics
Two independent pepper genomes landed within weeks of each other in 2014, and people mix them up constantly. Kim and colleagues published in Nature Genetics; Qin and colleagues published in PNAS. They are separate papers with separate page numbers.
- Kim, S., et al. Genome sequence of the hot pepper provides insights into the evolution of pungency. Nature Genetics 46: 270-278, 2014.
- Qin, C., et al. Whole-genome sequencing of cultivated and wild peppers. PNAS 111: 5135-5140, 2014.
- Stewart, C. Jr., et al. The Pun1 gene for pungency in pepper encodes a putative acyltransferase. The Plant Journal 42: 675-688, 2005. The locus behind every non-pungent line.
- Aza-González, C., H. Núñez-Palenius, and N. Ochoa-Alejo. Molecular biology of capsaicinoid biosynthesis. Plant Cell Reports 30: 695-706, 2011.
- Arce-Rodríguez, M.L., and N. Ochoa-Alejo. Biochemistry and molecular biology of capsaicinoid biosynthesis: recent advances. Plant Cell Reports 38: 1017-1030, 2019. Read alongside our capsaicinoid guide.
Crossing barriers between species
Anyone attempting a C. pubescens cross needs the incompatibility literature before spending a season on it.
- Onus, A.N., and B. Pickersgill. Unilateral incompatibility in Capsicum: occurrence and taxonomic distribution. Annals of Botany 94: 289-295, 2004.
- Tong, N., and P.W. Bosland. Capsicum tovarii, a new member of the Capsicum baccatum complex. Euphytica 109: 71-77, 1999.
Disease and pests
- Hausbeck, M.K., and K.H. Lamour. Phytophthora capsici on vegetable crops: research progress and management challenges. Plant Disease 88: 1292-1303, 2004.
- Ristaino, J.B., and S.A. Johnston. Ecologically based approaches to management of Phytophthora blight on bell pepper. Plant Disease 83: 1080-1089, 1999.
- Kenyon, L., et al. Virus diseases of peppers and their control. Advances in Virus Research 90: 297-354, 2014. Covers PMMoV, CMV and TSWV.
Where do I get seed of a wild species?
Two places, and neither is a seed shop. USDA ARS GRIN-Global distributes accessions to anyone who can state a research or breeding purpose, and its passport data tells you where each collection came from. Genesys aggregates genebanks outside the United States and fills gaps GRIN cannot. Kew's Plants of the World Online settles which name to request under. Our seed library page covers the donation route for material already in circulation.
- USDA ARS. GRIN-Global taxonomy and accessions.
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Plants of the World Online.
- Genesys. Global genebank accession portal.
- Chile Pepper Institute, New Mexico State University. cpi.nmsu.edu. Research, cultivar releases and seed.
Production guides worth keeping open
- NMSU Extension. Growing Chiles in New Mexico, Guide H-230. Field spacing, fertility and irrigation for arid country.
- NMSU Extension. Growing Chile Peppers in New Mexico Gardens, Guide H-240. The garden-scale version.
- Texas A&M AgriLife. Peppers in Texas. Heat management for long, hot seasons.
- Association of Official Seed Analysts. AOSA Rules for Testing Seeds. Germination test conditions that every seed lot claim rests on.
Citations to stop repeating
These circulate on forums and in AI-written guides. None of them checks out.
| Circulating citation. | Problem. |
| Qin et al. 2014, Nature Genetics 46: 270-278. | Wrong journal. Qin is PNAS 111: 5135-5140; the Nature Genetics paper is Kim et al. |
| Onus and Pickersgill 2004, Ann. Bot. 94: 605-613. | Wrong pages. The paper runs 289-295. |
| Ristaino and Johnston 1999, Plant Disease 83: 1220-1228. | Wrong pages. The paper runs 1080-1089. |
| Tong and Bosland 1999, "C. chinense x C. frutescens fertility," Euphytica 109: 1-7. | Wrong title and pages. That slot holds the C. tovarii paper at 71-77. |
| Dogimont et al. 2010, "Interspecific hybridization in Capsicum," Euphytica 168: 107-121. | No such paper indexes. Dogimont publishes on melon. |
| Tripodi and Greco 2018, Plants 7: 72. | That article slot belongs to a food-legume paper. |
Sources & Further Reading
- Priest, C.T., and D.J. Austin. The Chile Pepper Almanac. Harambe Publishing, 2026. Amazon
- Crossref. crossref.org, and PubMed at pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Both were queried for every journal entry above.
- WikiPepper. Pepper Breeding Guide and the taxonomy guide.